Signaling by electromagnetic waves.



R. A. FESSBNDBN. SIGNALING BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

APPLIOATION FILED PEB.8,1907.

Patented Aug. 29, 1911.

M W 6 W I v R. A. FESSENDEN. SIGNALING BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. APPLICATION FILED lEB.8, 1907.

1,002,051 Patented Aug. 29, 1911.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

1 Columbia, have invented enn, a citizen of the United States, anda resident ofVVashington, in the District of certain new and Signaling by Elecuseful Improvements in of which the following tromagnetic Waves, is a specification.

y invention relates to antennae for wireless signaling and its primary object is to construct an efficient and reliable antenna for working over long distances.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification Figure 1 is a perspective view of a construction for carrying out my invention and Figs. 2 and 3 show details of construction.

I have discovered a novel form of construction which overcomes the difficulties heretofore met with in using antennae, such as absorption of waves by antenna supports and enables antennae to be used of practically any capacity and desirable height, and at a low cost of maintenance and with perfect safety and of high efiieiency. With this form of construction I am enabled to use ferro-concrete towers without the waves being absorbed or shielded and at the same time without danger of the structure being blown down by wind storms.

In Fig. l, 11 is a ferro-concrete tower, havin its supports arranged so that any electrical oscillations which may be generated in the struc ure of the tower are'not conducted to cart; complished by discontinuing the metallic portion of the ferro-concrete structure'some distance above the foundations, and insulating the lower ends of the tower by any suitable means preferably by the insulating structures 12, 1'3, 14 shown in detail in Fig. 2. One or more wire cylinders 15, or their equivalent may be used for giving a large capacity to the aerial, the c linders being supported at their outer ends by the anchored uy ropes 16, insulated by the strain insu ate-rs 17, 18. The cable 19 for hoisting the cylinder 15 is preferably formed of conducting material, as wire rope, and brought along the side of the ferro-concrete tower as shown, and thence into the operating house 20 for the purpose of absorbing electro-magnetic waves received and thus Specification ofiLetters Patent. Application filed February 8, 1907.

This is preferably ac- S IC-rNALING BY ELEGTEOMAGNETIG WAVES.

Patented Aug. 22 1911. Serial No. 356,384.

shielding the ferro-concrete structure from the waveswhich would otherwise be uselessly absorbed by it. A conductor such as 21 may be run directly from the end of the cylinder 15 into the operating house in the usual way. 22 is a temporary guy. It is normally suspended from the side of the tower as shown at 23 to be used as shown at 22 only as a temporary provision in the case of anticipated hurricanes of abnormal severity.

Fig. 2 shows lating the bottom of the ferro-concrete structure. 24 shows the ferro-concrete structure, 25 and 26 being iron and steel rods embedded in the cement. 27, 28, 29 are three stacks of porcelain insulators supporting the foot of the tower. 30 is the foundation. 31 isa weather shield. 32 and 33 are pieces of plate glass for preventing the rain from entering. In order to avoid an impracticable extension of the base, or the use of ye, necessitated by the break in the continuity of the term-concrete structure I introduce strain insulators 34, 35 joining the yoke 36 to the foundation 30, thereby enabling the supports of the towers to withstand'tensile stresses as well as compression stresses, and permit ting the use. of a tower having a comparatively narrow base and avoiding the use of guys under normal working conditions. Fig. 3 shows a detail of these strain insulators, where 37, 38 are yokes, 4-0, 41 are porcelain insulators, 42, 43 are pins'and 39 are straps joining the pins. insulators are cemented in with material such as sulfur.

In operation, the tower stands without guys, the guys 22 being only for the purpose of being used when violent hurricanes are anticipated. The tower is preferably coated with a coating of. silicate or water proof paint to prevent absorption of moisture and the usual means are provided, such as ladders, inclosed or open, for gaining access to the upper parts of the tower. The arrangement herein described possesses many advantages over other types in that it is not necessary to support.it by guys, it gives antennae of very large capacity and high efiiciency, it is easily kept up and requires but little repair and. by the method herein disclosed for enabling ferro-concrete structures to be used for such purposes, I am able to any suitable obtain all the advantages consequent to its use as regards ease of construction, etc.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, secure by Letters Patent, the following:

1. The combination of an insulated ferroconcrete antenna support and an antenna arranged'to prevent said support from absorbing electro magnetic waves received.

2A partly metallic insulated antenna support, and an antenna arranged so that parts of it shield the support from the electro-magnetic waves received.

3. An antenna having a sup ort built of ferro -concrete, insulated at t e base and ada ted to be used as art of'the antenna, whi e the other art 0 the antenna is arranged to shiel it from electromagnetic waves received when desired.

4:. An antenna comprising wire conductors I claim and desire to self-supporting and a ferro-concrete support therefore insulated at the base and shielded by said wires. 5. A support for an antenna comprising a metal frame covered with concrete, being insulated from the earth at the base and attached to the earth by anchorages adapted to resist both compression an tension strains, substantially as described. 6. An antenna su port built of ferro-concrete having a flare base insulated from the ground and havin tensile members anchoring the base, and a so insulated from'the support and ground.

Signed at Brant Plymouth and 'State of Massachusetts Gth'day of: February, A. ,D. 1907.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN.

' Witnesses:

.Jnssm E. BENT,

ADELEINE W. LEWIS.

'Rock in the county of this 

